Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia. C. the brutal nature of the war in the Pacific. "The group that benefited most, economically, from wartime production was U.S soldiers." The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles in 1943 were a result of published this 12-page pamphlet after the U.S. had entered World War II. C.The German economy was strained, and Hitler began his forced labor camps. A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. The relationship between the Allies was complicated by A. B. separate "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . The Johnson-Reed Act also mandated that potential immigrants present their paperwork and receive US immigration visas at consulates abroad, prior to leaving for the United States. It would allow the Allies to gain control of the precious oil fields in the Middle East. A) They were still unaware of the death camps' existence at that point. Civil rights march on Wash[ington], D.C. / [WKL]. "We began a civil rights campaign to achieve both a victory in Europe and a victory over racism in the U.S.", Choose the statement that best reflects the experiences of Japanese Americans after the United States entered World War II. What was the importance of the Lend-Lease Act? D. American women and minorities found new opportunities. How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? C. the military did not expand quickly until after the creation of the draft. What was the result of the Battle of the Bulge? After World War I, America became an isolationist nation. a.) After World War II, the American people continued to oppose increased immigration. They had developed a new technology that was able to jam the Nazi radar. Students reflect on the unit as a whole and begin to write a strong thesis statement for their essay. A. gave orders to surrender. d.) C. Native Americans recruited from nearby reservations in New Mexico. "Dear Mr. President," Nashville, Tennessee, January or February "Dear Mr. President," New York, New York, January or February Letter from Alan Lomax to Wilhelmina Waters, April 3, 1942. The photographs and graphs in this gallery support the conclusion that After World War II, the United States of America entered a period of material abundance, caused largely by increased production. Students begin to understand and stake out a preliminary position in response to the assessment writing prompt. b.) "My father got hired at Henry Ford's plant building B-24 bombers, and he managed to save enough money to buy a family car. D) the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. Presumably, the agreement to safeguard the identity of these persons was intentional, as some of the interviewees worked for the Federal government and/or otherwise required anonymity in order to participate. The Refugee Act of 1980 remains in effect. (Later on, they would see them as a potential national security risk.) Battle of the Atlantic: September 3, 1939 to May 8, 1945. B. a pact signed by Great Britain, France, and the United States agreeing to declare war on Germany and divide its lands after the war A) victory over fear and want, as described in the Four Freedoms speech Admiral Nimitz was able to secure a decisive victory against the Japanese naval forces at the Battle of Midway because 1,584cc air-cooled OHV flat 4-cylinder engine Single Solex 34 PICT 3 carburetor 46bhp at 4,000rpm 4-speed manual transmission 4-wheel independent suspension 4-wheel hydraulic drum brakes *Lots of dealer installed options *Complete with top, side curtains, and wooden floormats *Nary a more perfect summer ride exists The Type 181The Thing Volkswagen's "Thing" had its roots in a military . C. through the American Lend-Lease Act "Since the government guaranteed a profit on sales, our corporation accepted a defense contract. C. "The government should have adopted deficit spending during the war to boost the economy instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." On April 30, 1945, Adolf Hitler C) about 15 years banned resident aliens from owning property. They believed Germany would be easily defeated, freeing up forces to join the conflict in the Pacific. Why do you think Roosevelt compared the Germans to gangsters? The roots of World War II, which eventually pitted Germany, Japan, and Italy (the Axis) against the United States, Great Britain and the Soviet Union (the Allies), lay in the militaristic ideologies and expansionist policies of Nazi Germany, Italy, and Japan. It would force the Axis to retreat from Stalingrad and give the Soviets a chance to regroup. a.) (This happened just as the systematic, Allied victory brought an end to Nazi terror in Europe in May 1945, and to the, President Harry S. Truman favored a liberal immigration policy toward, The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the. With President Trumans encouragement, Congress passed limited legislation to aid European displaced persons, including Holocaust survivors. How did the bombing of Pearl Harbor lead to the entry of the United States into a war against Germany? D. the Central Intelligence Agency. How did WACs contribute to the American war effort? C. Many Americans favored a strong interventionist foreign policy regarding the situation in Europe and Asia. his skillful handling of the Allied offensive at Normandy. Experts believe that if Japan didn't attack Pearl Harbor, then America probably would not have been involved in World War II. They were chosen randomly. "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage." This online presentation includes one essay: "Making and Maintaining the Original Recordings." Otherwise, the recordings are presented as they were originally recorded. What was the main result of the Wannsee Conference in January 1942? Dwight D. Eisenhower was made Supreme Commander of Allied Forces following While the United States had remained neutral in the war, it responded to Japans aggression in Asia with economic sanctions that caused severe shortages of natural resources that the Japanese needed for their war effort. C) World War I and the Spanish Civil War A) the participation of the United States. Then, tell whether the gerund is a subject, a predicate nominative, a direct object, an indirect object, or an object of a preposition. The IRO also operated the International Tracing Service whose purpose was to help survivors find their families and learn the fate of loved ones. The Axis Powers fought relentlessly against the Allied Powers for dominance around the world. D) protect German Jews from anti-Semitic violence. The vote was bipartisan and was not close (293-41). drastically cut back its defense industries. D. Germany and Japan were to pay for the resettlement of displaced persons from the countries they formerly occupied. defend New York City against a nuclear attack. b.) Why were Hiroshima and Nagasaki chosen as the targets for nuclear attacks? a.) \underline{\hspace{3cm}} Fierce, wild dogs are inhabitants of the island, too. Which policy best demonstrates appeasement during the 1930s? The United States, a signatory along with54 other nations, supplied 40% of the IROs administrative expenses and 46% of its operational expenses, and the IROs Director-General was always an American citizen. forcing Italy to surrender and change sides. D. Interventionists thought aid would help end the Yet the United States would not enter the war until it was attacked directly. d) Americans experienced a series of military losses. a.) ", c.) increase economic production to meet wartime demands. ", Choose the statement that accurately reflects the relationship between private business and the federal government during World War II. D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. D. was assassinated by a group of his own generals. The Bataan Death March foreshadowed Following World War I, the United States hoped to avoid further entanglement with European politics that had drawn us into war. Hence, the sudden attack almost shocked the entire United States. C) the creation of the International Monetary Fund. The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention granted legal protection to refugees but placed limitations on qualifying for refugee status. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. b.) D. the Selective Service Act, What was the world reaction to these aggressive actions? a.) Goebbels wrote: On the basis of the Tripartite Pact we will probably not [be able to avoid] a declaration of war on the United States. B. A. Before World War II and the Holocaust, American law made very little distinction between refugees forced to flee their countries due to persecution, and immigrants seeking a better life. Through the government's bracero program, B. American soldiers could not get close enough to Japan to launch an effective invasion. The new immigration law reserved 6% of each years visas for people who were fleeing persecution in communist areas or the Middle East, or had escaped after a natural disaster. The Soviet Union owed the United States a massive amount of debt. They were the largest population centers in Japan. C. Passive Students review the documents and videos from previous lessons and consider what information supports, expands, or challenges their thinking about the essay. Most of Japan's former colonies were now under U.S. control. While overall immigration into the United States did not increase, between 35,00040,000 DPs, most of whom were Jewish, entered the United States between December 22, 1945, and July 1, 1948, under provisions of the Truman Directive. The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation expired in 1956. Did not destroy all ships/ "We were informed that our corporation would remain subject to antitrust regulations." a.) Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to. b.) D. African American workers were paid the same wages as whites. D) The United States considered them enemy combatants. A.It stated the United States would only accept an unconditional surrender of Germany. After World War I most Americans concluded that participating in international affairs had been a mistake. According to Roosevelt, what principles was the United States fighting for? A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. With men off to fight a worldwide war across the Atlantic and the Pacific, women were called to take their place on the production line. The 1951 Convention defines the obligations of signatory nations to refugees, and vice versa. Classroom Materials at the Library of Congress. The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, mortgaged the still-extant 1924 immigration quotas, allowing up to 50% of future quota spaces to be used on behalf of displaced persons, with few exceptions. B. Which U.S. government agency was formed as a response to the news that the Soviet Union had detonated a nuclear device? A portion of this project aimed to create documentary recordings of Americans from around the country who described their lives, sang their songs, and told the stories of their own regions. The act was meant to solve the midnight races problem and establish a more permanent immigration law. founded the United Service Organizations. d.) C. Although refugees gained legal status under postwar international law, the scope of these laws were narrow and limited at first, before expanding to their current form. his decisive victory at the Battle of Guadalcanal. A. a group of volunteer fighter pilots who fought the Japanese in the Pacific. He needed to open a second front to relieve pressure on his troops on the eastern front. If a sentence has no predicate adjective, write None on the line provided. D. Our headquarters are located at: 89 South Street, Suite 401, Boston, MA 02111. We are now to a certain extent protected on our flanks. Had this amendment been enacted, American response to the refugee crisis in the 1930s may have been quite different. Savage fighting and heavy American casualties occurred in the battles on Iwo Jima and Okinawa. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." To address the need, federal funding began flowing to nursing schools in 1942, and in 1943 Congress authorized the Cadet Nurse Corps. We expect to eliminate the danger from Japan, but it would serve us ill if we accomplished that and found that the rest of the world was dominated by Hitler and Mussolini. c.) Kristallnacht is the name given to describe C) The Nazis outlined their plan to systematically exterminate the Jewish population. "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. citizens." b.) On June 5, 1941, diplomats abroad were cautioned that visas would soon be denied to applicants with close relatives remaining in German-occupied countries. "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage. b.) Origins. The image and reality of overall economic prosperity--and the upward mobility it provided for many white Americans--was not lost on those who had largely been excluded from the full meaning of the American Dream, both before and after the war. One important effect of the D-Day invasion was that The new Protocol expanded the responsibilities to all refugees from any part of the world and at any time, but still allowed nations to define for themselves how they would assess refugee status. A. Usually there was bipartisan support for most US foreign policy initiatives. After the war, the United States and the international community used a series of directives, organizations, and laws to help displaced European refugees, including Holocaust survivors, immigrate to new countries. As a result, the quota for the British Isles rose from 34,007 to 65,721, while the quota for Germany fell significantly, from 51,227 to 25,957. He personally directed the military buildup of troops and supplies. As a consequence, African Americans, Hispanic Americans, and American women became more aggressive in trying to win their full freedoms and civil rights as guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution during the postwar era. C) Allied Powers agreed to divide Germany into four zones of occupation. Why was Roosevelt's "Quarantine" speech in 1937 widely criticized by Americans at the time? A) the end of the Great Depression. (spendthrift; thrifty). D. Students reflect on, gather evidence for, and discuss the unit writing prompt in its entirety. B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. The United Nations High Commission on Refugees assists member nations in establishing and carrying out procedures to process claims and review decisions. President Truman feared a second Japanese attack on American soil. He motivated Americans and established agencies to direct mobilization. The US military was not prepared to fight a global war in 1941. C. . The 1924 law capped quota immigration at 164,667 people per year. B. The IRO constitution stated that refugees and displaced persons constitute an urgent problem which is international in scope and character and while displaced persons should be returned home, refugees should be assisted by international action. Americans and the Holocaust online exhibition, Teaching Materials on Americans and the Holocaust, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Library bibliography: The United States and the Holocaust, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. B. China. We are going to win the war and we are going to win the peace that follows. The United States responded in kind, and therefore entered World War II. C) the independence of former British colonies in the Middle East "We found financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in the defense industry." "My uncle worked as a ship builder and told me about how President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. On December 9, 1941two days after the attackUS President Franklin D. Roosevelt addressed the American people on the radio. The main idea behind the United Nations was to A combination of presidential directives and congressional legislation aided other specific groups of refugees. In December 1920, in the context of this isolationism, the international influenza pandemic, and a postwar economic recession, the US House of Representatives voted to end all immigration to the United States for one year. ", a.) This presentation was made possible with the generous support of the Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute and the New Deal Network. D. A. Roosevelt placed an embargo on Japan. C. It could no longer defend the mainland. In the Soviet Union, a "cult of personality" developed around Stalin. The labor demands of war industries caused millions more Americans to move--largely to the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coasts where most defense plants located. Students connect themes from the film to Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's concept of single stories," and then consider what it would take to tell more equitable and accurate narratives. B. less denouncement The neutral USA entered World War II only after many months of argument in Congress and after the attack on Pearl Harbor. C. C. Americans suffered heavy losses at Pearl Harbor. What factors after 1939 led to US involvement in World War II? D) pressuring Germany into providing financial reparations to victims of the Holocaust. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. B. B. The Tuskegee Airmen were "President Roosevelt nationalized the shipping and shipbuilding industries." A) the drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights A. the Allied naval forces For each word at the left, complete the four derivatives indicated. Why is Frank hopeful that the Nazi reign will end? Based on this graph and your knowledge of history, the growth in U.S. employment was sparked by He died of a brain hemorrhage on April 12,1945. C. B. A) punish Japan for carrying on the war. What was the primary goal of the U.S. strategy of "island hopping" in the Pacific? Immigrants from the Western Hemisphere, needed for US labor, were non-quota arrivals, exempted from the quota system. holding free elections in Eastern Europe after the war. C) restricted the number of countries that accepted Jewish refugees. c.) c.) a.) The United States did not sign the 1951 United Nations Refugee Convention, instead passing its own set of laws which also aided specific groups of refugees for limited periods of time. On May 24, 1924, Congress passed the Immigration Act of 1924, also known as the Johnson-Reed Act or the National Origins Act. C) the prohibition of dictatorships like the Soviet Union. Life in the United States began to return to normal. The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938. Sources. After World War II began in 1939, the State Department cautioned consular officials to exercise particular care in screening applicants: "In view of the international situation, it is essential that all aliens seeking admission into the United States, including both immigrants and nonimmigrants be examined with the greatest care. Visa applicants were required to submit moral affidavits, attesting to their identities and good conduct, from several responsible disinterested persons, in addition to financial affidavits. The American forces joined the Soviet forces for a joint assault on Berlin. The War Manpower Commission, a Federal Agency established to increase the manufacture of war materials, had the . The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. D. a pact signed by the Soviet Union and the United States agreeing to first focus on the war in the Pacific before turning their attention to defeating Germany. "The U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Axis powers did." Refugees are granted the right to work, to housing, to education, to public assistance, to freedom of movement within the territory, and cannot be punished for illegal entry. . A. c.) Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as, "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it. Public opinion was more in line with Congress than Truman: an April 1948 poll showed that 53% of Americans disapproved of the plan to allow 200,000 displaced persons to enter, compared with 40% who approved. December 8, 1941 - Congress Declares War on Japan. D) the state sponsored attack on German Jews in 1938. B. D) the Allies moved toward Germany from the east, west, and south. c.) The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor because they wanted to The United States remained neutral in . Flushed with their success against Germany and Japan in 1945, most Americans initially viewed their place in the postwar world with optimism and confidence. SAN FRANCISCO When Miya Iwataki and other Japanese Americans fought in the 1980s for the U.S. government to apologize to families it imprisoned during World War II, Black politicians and civil rights leaders were integral to the movement. D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. B. the economy failed to improve. d.) B. 300 seconds. World War Two ended finally in the summer of nineteen forty-five. A) Spanish Civil War and World War II D) more than 20 years. Students view the film, analyze a primary source from the Oyneg Shabes archive, and consider why it matters who tells the stories of the Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto. "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." Why was Churchill reluctant to launch a massive Allied offensive at Normandy? After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? the United States did not enter the war until after the Japanese bombed the . D) World War II and the Korean Conflict, "The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members." American concerns over Japanese aggression in the Pacific. Virtually none of the fighting had taken place on U.S. soil. In 1950, Congress amended the Displaced Persons Act, an amendment Truman signed with very great pleasure. The Act authorized a total of 400,744 visas for displaced persons (of which 172,230 had been issued in the previous two years) and removed the geographical and chronological limits which had discriminated against Jewish DPs. 1. D. less expansion, What were Japan's two mistakes in Pearl Harbor? The project's staff believed that most commercial radio broadcasts of the day were dominated by programs created in the great urban centers and that these programs failed to reflect regional culture, local talent, and, in particular, the voices of the people speaking in their own words. C. The executive branch of the U.S. government was given unprecedented authority with Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. B. Interventionists finally agreed with the isolationist position. Insisting that a penny saved is a penny earned, Benjamin Franklin was well known for his___ ways. After the United States entered World War II Congress acted to provide for the expedited naturalization of noncitizens serving honorably in the U.S. Armed Forces. He feared it would leave Britain vulnerable to a deadly German counter-offensive. 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